中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所机构知识库

Parnassius glacialis is a typical "Out of theQTP" alpine butterfly that originated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and dispersed into relatively low-altitude mountainous. Here we assemble a chromosome-level genome of P. glacialis and resequence 9 populations in order to explore the genome evolution and local adaptation of this species. These results indicated that the rapid accumulation and slow unequal recombination of transposable elements (TEs) contributed to the formation of its large genome. Several ribosomal gene families showed extensive expansion and selective evolution through transposon-mediated processed pseudogenes. Additionally, massive structural variations (SVs) ofTEs affected the genetic differentiation of low-altitude populations. These low-altitude populationsmight have experienced a genetic bottleneck in the past and harbor genes with selective signatureswhichmay be responsible for the potential adaptation to low-altitude environments. These results provide a foundation for understanding genome evolution and local adaptation for "Out of the QTP" of P. glacialis.