Selective Press Extinctions, but Not Random Pulse Extinctions, Cause Delayed Ecological Recovery in Communities of Digital Organisms

doi:10.1086/597228

	Selective Press Extinctions, but Not Random Pulse Extinctions, Cause Delayed Ecological Recovery in Communities of Digital Organisms
	Yedid, Gabriel 1,2; Ofria, Charles A.3; Lenski, Richard E.4
	2009-04-01
发表期刊	AMERICAN NATURALIST
ISSN	0003-0147
卷号	173 期号:4 页码:E139-E154
摘要	A key issue concerning recovery from mass extinctions is how extinction and diversification mechanisms affect the recovery process. We evolved communities of digital organisms, subjecting them to instantaneous "pulse" extinctions, choosing survivors at random, or to prolonged "press" extinctions involving a period of low resource availability. Functional activity at low trophic levels recovered faster than at higher levels, with the most extensive delays seen at the top level. Postpress communities generally did not fully recover functional activity in the allotted time, which equaled that of their original diversification. We measured recovery of phenotypic diversity, observing considerable variation in outcomes. Communities subjected to pulse extinctions recovered functional activity and phenotypic diversity substantially faster than when subjected to press extinctions. Follow-up experiments tested whether organisms with shorter generation times and low functional activity contributed to delayed recovery after press extinctions. The results indicate that adaptation during the press episode degraded the organisms' ability to reevolve preextinction functionality. There are interesting parallels with patterns from the paleontological record. We suggest that some delayed recoveries from mass extinction may reflect the need to both reevolve biological functions and reconstruct ecological interactions lost during the extinction. Adaptation to conditions during an extended disturbance may hinder subsequent recovery.
关键词	digital organisms experimental evolution mass extinction recovery selectivity
DOI	10.1086/597228
语种	英语
关键词[WOS]	PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY ; PHANEROZOIC TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY ; MASS EXTINCTION ; FOSSIL RECORD ; KINETIC-MODEL ; POSTPALEOZOIC CRINOIDS ; BIOTIC CRISIS ; MARINE REALM ; END ; EVOLUTION
资助项目	Fonds Quebecois de recherche sur la nature et les technologies (provincial government of Quebec, Canada) ; Michigan State University ; National Science Foundation ; Chinese Academy of Sciences[0650290120]
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Evolutionary Biology
WOS类目	Ecology ; Evolutionary Biology
WOS记录号	WOS:000263937300002
项目资助者	Fonds Quebecois de recherche sur la nature et les technologies (provincial government of Quebec, Canada) ; Michigan State University ; National Science Foundation ; Chinese Academy of Sciences
出版者	UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.nigpas.ac.cn/handle/332004/202
专题	中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所
通讯作者	Yedid, Gabriel
作者单位	1.Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Palaeobiol & Palaeostratig, Nanjing Inst Geol & Palaeontol, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China 3.Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA 4.Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Yedid, Gabriel,Ofria, Charles A.,Lenski, Richard E.. Selective Press Extinctions, but Not Random Pulse Extinctions, Cause Delayed Ecological Recovery in Communities of Digital Organisms[J]. AMERICAN NATURALIST,2009,173(4):E139-E154.
APA	Yedid, Gabriel,Ofria, Charles A.,&Lenski, Richard E..(2009).Selective Press Extinctions, but Not Random Pulse Extinctions, Cause Delayed Ecological Recovery in Communities of Digital Organisms.AMERICAN NATURALIST,173(4),E139-E154.
MLA	Yedid, Gabriel,et al."Selective Press Extinctions, but Not Random Pulse Extinctions, Cause Delayed Ecological Recovery in Communities of Digital Organisms".AMERICAN NATURALIST 173.4(2009):E139-E154.